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 . . . . Explanation of Ayāt-ul-Kursī. . . . .


The Virtue of Ayāt Al-Kursī:

Sūrah Al-Baqarah (The Cow) II : Ayāt 255:

اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضَ وَلا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala! Lā ilāha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, The One Who sustains and protects all that exists . Neither slumber or sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter. And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursī extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great. (TMQ* 2:255 )

Kursī: literally a footstool or chair, and sometimes wrongly translated as Throne. The Kursī mentioned in de Ayāt should be distinguished from the 'Arsh (Throne) mentioned in:

Sūrah Al-A'rāf [The Height (or The Wall with Elevations)] VII : Ayāt 58:

وَالْبَلَدُ الطَّيِّبُ يَخْرُجُ نَبَاتُهُ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَالَّذِي خَبُثَ لا يَخْرُجُ إِلا نَكِدًا كَذَلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ الآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَشْكُرُونَ

The vegetation of a good land comes forth (easily) by the Permission of it's Lord; and that which is bad, brings forth nothing but (a little) with difficulty. Thus do We explain variously the Ayāt (proof, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, ect.) for a people who give thanks (TMQ* 7:58)

Sūrah Yūnus (Prophet Jonah) X : Ayāt 3:

إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُدَبِّرُ الأمْرَ مَا مِنْ شَفِيعٍ إِلا مِنْ بَعْدِ إِذْنِهِ ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ أَفَلا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Surely, your Lord is Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days and the rose over (Istawā) the Throne (really in a manner that suits His Majesty), disposing the affair of all things. No intercessor (can plead with Him) except after His Leave. That Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, your Lord; so worship Him (Alone). Then, will you not remember? (TMQ* 10:3)

Sūrah Al-Burūj (The Big Stars) LXXXV : Ayāt 15:

ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ

Owner of the Throne, the Glorious, (TMQ* 85:15)

And elsewhere Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam said: "The Kursī compared to the 'Arsh is nothing but like a ring thrown out upon open space of the desert." If the Kursī extends over the entire universe, then how much greater is the 'Arsh. Indeed Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, the Creator of both the Kursī  and the 'Arsh, is the Most Great.

Ibn Taimiyah said:

  1. To believe in the Kursī.

  2. To believe in the 'Arsh (Throne).

It is narrated from Muhammad bin 'Abdullāh and from other religious scholars that the Kursī is in front of the 'Arsh (Throne) and it is at the level of the Feet. [Fatawa Ibn Taimiyah, Vol.5]

Narrated Abū Hurairah Radi-Allahu 'anhu:

Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam ordered me to guard the Zakāt revenue of Ramadān. Then somebody came to me and started stealing of the foodstuff. I caught him and said, " I will take you to Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam!" Then Abū Hurairah Radi-Allahu 'anhu described the whole narration and said: That person said (to me), "Please don't take me to Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam and I will tell you a few words by which Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala will benefit you).  When you go to your bed, recite Ayāt-ul-Kursī, (2:225) for then there will be a guard from Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala who will protect you all night long, and Satan will not be able to come near you till dawn." (When the Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam heard the story) he said (to me),  "He (who came to you at night) told the truth although he is a lair; and it was Satan."

Sahīh Bukhāri, Hadīth No. 5010 (*TMH).

Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala  Greatest Name is in Ayāt Al-Kursī:

Imam Ahmad recorded that Asmā' bint Yazid bin As-Sakan Radi-Allahu 'anha said, "I heard the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam say about these two Ayāt

Sūrah Al Baqarah (The Cow) II, Ayāt 255:

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala ! Lā ilāha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, The One Who sustains and protects all that exists . Neither slumber or sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter. And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursī extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great. (TMQ* 2:255)

and,

Sūrah آl-'Imrān (The Family of Âl-'Imrān) IV, Ayāt 1 till Ayāt 2:

الم

Alif-Lām-Mīn. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur'ān Al Kareem and none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala  (Alone) knows their meanings.] (TMQ* 3:1)

اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala ! Lā ilāha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. (TMQ* 3:2)

They contain Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Greatest Name.

This is also the narration collected by Abū Dāwūd, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Mājah, and At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahīh''. (TMH**)

 

Further, Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Abū Umamah Radi-Allahu 'anhu reported that the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam said,

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Greatest Name, if He was supplicated with it, He answers the supplication, is in three Sūrah's - Al-Baqarah, Al `Imrān and Ta-Ha.

(TMH**)

 

Hishām bin `Ammar, the Khatib (orator) of Damascus (one of the narrators in the above narration), said, "As for Sūrah Al-Baqarah, it is in,

Sūrah Al Baqarah (The Cow) II, Ayāt 255:

اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضَ وَلا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala ! Lā ilāha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, The One Who sustains and protects all that exists . Neither slumber or sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter. And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursī extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great. (TMQ* 2:255)

In Sūrah Al `Imrān, it is in,

Sūrah Âl-'Imrān (The Family of Âl-'Imrān) IV, Ayāt 1 till Ayāt 2:

الم

Alif-Lām-Mīn. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur'ān Al Kareem and none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala  (Alone) knows their meanings.] (TMQ* 3:1)

اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ

Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala ! Lā ilāha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. (TMQ* 3:2)

(TMH**)

 

Sūrah Ta-Ha, Ayāt 111:

فَلَمَّا أَتَاهَا نُودِيَ يَا مُوسَى

And (all) faces shall be humbled before (Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. And he who carried (a burden of) wrongdoing (i.e. he who disbelieved in Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, ascribed partners to Him, and did deeds of His disobedience), became indeed a complete failure (on that Day). (TMQ* 20:111)

Ayāt Al-Kursī has Ten Complete Arabic Sentences :

1. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement:

(Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala! None has the right to be worshipped but He) mentions that Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is the One and Only Lord of all creation.

2. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(Al-Hayy ul-Qayyum) testifies that Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is the Ever Living, Who never dies, Who sustains everyone and everything. All creation stands in need of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and totally relies on Him, while He is the Most Rich, Who stands in need of nothing created. Similarly, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala said,

Sūrah Ar Rūm, Ayāt 25,

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّمَاءُ وَالأرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِنَ الأرْضِ إِذَا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ

And among His Signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His Command, then afterwards when He will call you by single call, behold, you will come out from the earth (i.e from your graves for reckoning and recompense). (TMQ*, 30:25)

3. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him) means, no shortcoming, unawareness or ignorance ever touches Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. Rather, He is aware of, and controls what every soul earns, has perfect watch over everything, nothing escapes His knowledge, and no secret matter is secret to Him. Among His perfect attributes, is the fact that He is never effected by slumber or sleep. Therefore, Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(Neither slumber overtakes Him) indicates that no unawareness due to slumber ever overtakes Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala said afterwards,

(nor sleep), which is stronger than slumber.

Abu Mūsa Radi-Allahu 'anhu said, "The Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam delivered a speech regarding four words:

(Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala does not sleep, and it does not befit His majesty that He sleeps. He lowers the scales and raises them. The deeds of the day are resurrected in front of Him before the deeds of the night, and the deeds of the night before the deeds of the day. His Veil is light, or fire, and if He removes it, the rays from His Face would burn whatever His sight reaches of His creation.)

(TMH**)

4. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth) indicates that everyone is a servant for Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, a part of His kingdom and under His power and authority. Similarly, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala said,

Sūrah Maryam, Ayāt 93 till Ayāt 95:

إِنْ كُلُّ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ إِلا آتِي الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدًا

There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Beneficent (Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala) as a slave. (TMQ*, 19:93)

لَقَدْ أَحْصَاهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدًّا

Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting. (TMQ*, 19:94)

وَكُلُّهُمْ آتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَرْدًا

And everyone of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender). (TMQ*, 19:95)

5. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission) is similar to His statements,

Sūrah An-Najm, Ayāt 26:

وَكَمْ مِنْ مَلَكٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ لا تُغْنِي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا إِلا مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْضَى

And there are many angels in the heavens, whose intercession will avail nothing except after Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala has given leave for whom He wills and pleases. (TMQ*, 53:26)

and,

Sūrah Al-Anbiyā (The Prophets), Ayāt 28:

يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى وَهُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ

He knows what is before them, and what is behind them, and they cannot intercede except for him with whom He is pleased. And they stand in awe for fear of Him. (TMQ*, 21:28)

These Ayāt assert Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala greatness, pride, and grace, and that no one dares to intercede with Him on behalf of anyone else, except by His permission. Indeed, the Hadīth about the intercession, states that the Prophet said,

(I will stand under the Throne and fall in prostration, and Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala will allow me to remain in that position as much as He wills. I will thereafter be told, "Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession will be accepted''. The Prophet then said, "He will allow me a proportion whom I will enter into Paradise.'')

6. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter) this refers to His perfect knowledge of all creation; its past, present and future. Similarly, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala said that the angels proclaimed;

Sūrah Maryam, Ayāt 64:

وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا

And we (angels) descend not except by the Command of your Lord (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam). To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between those two, and your Lord is never forgetful, (TMQ*, 19:64)

7. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills), asserts the fact that no one attains any part of Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala knowledge except what Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala conveys and allows. This part of the Ayāt indicates that no one ever acquires knowledge of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and in His Attributes, except what He conveys to them. For instance, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala said,

Sūrah Ta-Ha, Ayāt 110:

يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِ عِلْمًا

He (Allah) knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them (in the Hereafter), and they will never compass anything of His Knowledge. (TMQ*, 20:110)

8. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement

(His Kursī extends over the heavens and the earth.)

Waki` narrated in his Tasfir that Ibn `Abbās Radi-Allahu 'anhu said, "Kursī is the footstool, and no one is able to give due consideration to Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'alaThrone).''

(TMH**)

Al-Hakim recorded this Hadīth in his Mustadrak from Ibn `Abbās Radi-Allahu 'anhu, who did not relate it to the Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam. Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahīh according to the criteria of the Two Sahīh's, and they Sahīh Al-Bukhāri and Sahīh Muslim did not record it.''

In addition, Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbās Radi-Allahu 'anhu said, "If the seven heavens and the seven earths were flattened and laid side by side, they would add up to the size of a ring in a desert, compared to the Kursī.''

(TMH**)

9. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(And He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them) meaning, it does not burden or cause Him fatigue to protect the heavens and earth and all that is in between them. Rather, this is an easy matter for Him. Further, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala sustains everything, has perfect watch over everything, nothing ever escapes His knowledge and no matter is ever a secret to Him. All matters are insignificant, modest and humble before Him. He is the Most Rich, worthy of all praise. He does what He wills, and no one can ask Him about what He does, while they will be asked. He has supreme power over all things and perfect alertness concerning everything. He is the Most High, the Greatest, there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, and no Lord other than Him.

10. Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala statement,

(And He is the Most High, the Most Great) is similar to His statement,

Sūrah Ar-Ra'd, Ayāt 9:

عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ

All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Most Great, the Most High.

(the Most Great, the Most High) ﴿13:9.

These and similar Ayāt and authentic Hadīth's about Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Attributes must be treated the way the Salaf (righteous ancestors) treated them by accepting their apparent meanings without equating them ﴿with the attributes of the creationor altering their apparent meanings.

Sūrah Al Baqarah (The Cow), Ayāt 256:

لا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Tāghūt and believes in Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is All-Hearer, All-Knower (TMQ*: 2:256)

Article by Abū Redwan, sources Ibn Kathir, Al Qur'ān Al Kareem, Ibn Taimiyah.

* = Translation of the Meaning of the Qur'ān Al Kareem. This translation is for the realized meaning, so far, of the stated (Sūrah : Ayāt)  of the Qur'ān Al Kareem. Reading the translated meaning of the Qur'ān Al Kareem can never replace reading it in Arabic, the language in which it was revealed.

**= Translation of the Meaning of the Ahādith or Hadīth. This translation is for the realized meaning, so far, of the stated of the Ahādith or Hadīth. Reading the translated meaning of the Ahādith or Hadīth can never replace reading it in Arabic, the language in which it was revealed.

                                                                                                                                                     

 

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