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 . . . . Shahādah - Confession of A Muslim . . . .


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Lā ilāha illallāh, Muhammad-ur-Rasūl-Allāh "None has the right to be worshipped but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, and Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam  is the Messenger of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala." has three aspects: a, b and c.

A. It is that, you have to pledge a covenant with (Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala). the Creator of the heavens and earth, The Ruler of all that exists, the Lord of Majesty and Highness, on four points (or conditions):

Point I: A confession with your heart that the Creator (of everything) is Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala; it is that you have to say:  "I testify that the Creator of all the universe including the stars, the planets, the sun, the moon, the heavens, the earth with all it known and unknown forms of life, is Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. He is the Organizer and Planner of all its affairs. It is He Who gives life and death,  and Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala alone is the Sustainer, and the Giver of security." And this is called (your confession for the) "Oneness of the Lordship of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala,". (Tauhīd ar-Rubūbiyyah)

Point II: A confession with your heart that: "I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala alone." The word "Worship" (i.e. 'Ibādah) carries a great number of meanings in the Islāmic terminology: it conveys that all kinds of worship are meant for Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Alone and none else, whether it be an Angel Alahi Wa Salam. Messenger Alahi Wa Salam, Prophet Îsā Alahi Wa Salam the son of Maryam, Uzair Alahi Wa Salam, Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam, saint, idol, the sun, the moon and all kinds of false deities. So pray to none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, invoke none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, ask for help from none (Unseen) but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, swear by none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, offer an animal as sacrifice to none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, ... ect, and that means, all that Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and His Messenger Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam order you to do, (in the Qur'ān Al Kareem and in the Sunnah (legal ways of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) you must do, and that Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and His Messenger Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam forbid you, you must not do. And this is called (your confession for the) "Tauhīd (Oneness) of the worship of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala,"  (Tauhīd-al-Ulūhiyyah). And that you (mankind) worship none but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala.

Point III: A confession with your heart that: "O Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala! I testify that all the best of names and the most perfect qualities with which You have named or qualified Yourself in Your Book (i.e. the Qur'ān Al Kareem) or as Your Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam has named or qualified You with his statement, I believe that all those (names and qualities) are for You without changing their meanings or neglecting them completely or liking them (giving resemblance) to others." As Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

Sūrah Ash-Shūra (The Consultation) XLII , Ayāt 11:

فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَمِنَ الأنْعَامِ أَزْوَاجًا يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ

The Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you mates from yourselves, and for  the cattle (also) mates. By this means He creates you (in the wombs). There is nothing Like Him; and He is the All-Hearer the All-Seer. (TMQ* 42:11)

This Ayāt Confirms the quality of hearing and the quality of sight for Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala without liking them (giving resemblance) to others, and Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala also says:

Sūrah Sād XXXVIII , Ayāt 75:

قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعَالِينَ

(Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala) said: "O Iblīs (Satan)! What prevents you from prostrating yourself to one whom I have created with Both My Hands. Are you too proud (to fall prostrate to Adam Alahi Wa Salam) or are you one of the high exalted?"   (TMQ* 38:75)

and Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala also says:

Sūrah Al-Fath (The Victory) XLVIII, Ayāt 10:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنْكُثُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

Verily, those who give Bai'ah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) they are giving Bai'ah (pledge) to Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. The Hand of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm; and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, He will bestow on him a great reward. (TMQ* 48:10)

This confirms two Hands for Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, but there is no similarity for them. Similarly Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

Sūrah Tā-Hā XX , Ayāt 5:

الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى

The Most Gracious (Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala) rose over (Istawā) the (Mighty) Throne (in a manner that suits His Majesty).  (TMQ* 20:5)

So He rose over the Throne really in a manner that suits His Majesty. And Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is over his Throne over the seventh heaven, as the slave-girl pointed towards the heavens, when Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger ( Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) asked her as to where Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is. He only comes down over the first (nearest) heaven to us during the last third part of every night and also on the day of 'Arafah (Hajj, i.e. the 9th of Dhūl-Hijjah), as mentioned by the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam, but He us with us by His Knowledge only, not by His personal-Self (Bi-Dhātihi). It is not as some people say that Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is present everywhere here, there, and even inside the breasts of men. He sees and hears all that we do or utter. And this is called (your confession for the) "Oneness of the Names and Qualities of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala"  (Tauhīd Al-Asmā was-Sifāt) and this is the right Belief, the Belief which was followed by the Messengers Alahi Wa Salam of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala [from Nūh Alahi Wa Salam, Ibrāhīm Alahi Wa Salam, Mūsa Alahi Wa Salam, Dāwūd Alahi Wa Salam, Sulaimān Alahi Wa Salam, Îsā Alahi Wa Salam to Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam and the Companions of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam and the righteous followers of these Messengers Alahi Wa Salam.

Point IV: A confession with your heart that: "O Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala! I testify that Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam is Your Messenger. That means that none has the right to be followed after Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, but Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam as he is the last of His Messengers. As Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

Sūrah Al-Ahzāb (The Confederates) XXXIII , Ayāt 40:

مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا

Muhammad (Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and the last (end) of the Prophets. And Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is Ever All-Aware of everything. (TMQ* 33:40)

Sūrah Al-Hashr (The Gathering) LIX , Ayāt 7:

مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الأغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ

What Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala gave as booty (Fai') to His Messenger (Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) from the people of the township -- it is for Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, his Messenger (Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam), the kindred (of Messenger Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam), the orphans, Al-Masākin (the poor), and the wayfarer, in order that it may not become a fortune used by rich among you. And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it). And fear Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala; verily Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is Severe in punishment. (TMQ* 59:7)  

And Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:

Sūrah Âl-'Imrān (The Family of Imrān) III, Ayāt 31:

قُلْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللَّهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ

Say (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam to mankind) "If you (really) love Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, then follow me (i.e. accept Islāmic Mono-theism, follow the Qur'ān Al Kareem and the Sunnah), Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala will love you and forgive your sins. And Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (TMQ* 3:31)

As for others than Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam their statements are to be taken or rejected as to whether these are in accordance with Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Books (i.e. the Qur'ān Al Kareem)  and with the Sunnah (legal ways, orders, acts of worship, statements) of the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam or not. As the Devine Revelations has stopped after the death of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam and it will not resume expect at the time of the descent of Îsā Alahi Wa Salam son of Maryam and Îsā Alahi Wa Salam with rule with justice according to the Islāmic laws, during the last days of the world as it has been mentioned in the authentic Hadīth.

B. It is essential to utter: Lā ilāha illallāh, Muhammad-ur-Rasūl-Allāh (None has the right to be worshipped but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, and Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam  is the Messenger of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala.) As it has come in the statement of Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam to his uncle Abū Tālib at the time of the latter's death: "O uncle, if you utter it (Lā ilāha illallāh, Muhammad-ur-Rasūl-Allāh, None has the right to be worshipped but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, and Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam  is the Messenger of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala), then I shall be able to argue on your behalf before Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, on the Day of Resurrection." Similarly, when Abū Dharr Al-Ghifārī embraced Islām, he went to Al Masjid Al Harām and he proclaimed it loudly in front of the Quraish infidels until he was beaten severely.

And with the confession of this great sentence (i.e. principle) a person enters in the fold of the Islamīc religion accordingly, it is essential for him to believe in all the Messengers of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and not to differentiate between them. As it is mentioned in His Books, Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala says:      

Sūrah Al-Kahf (The Cave) XVIII , Ayāt 102 till 110:

أَفَحَسِبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا عِبَادِي مِنْ دُونِي أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نُزُلا

Do then those who disbelieved think that they can take My slaves [i.e., the angels, Allāh's Messengers, Îsā, son of Maryam as Auliyā (lords, gods, protectors) beside Me? Verily, We have prepared Hell as an entertainment for the disbelievers (in the Oneness of Allāh - Islāmic Monotheism). (TMQ* 18 : 102)

قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالأخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالا

Say (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam): "Shall We tell you the greatest losers in respect of (their) deeds? (TMQ* 18 : 103)

الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا

"Those whose efforts have been wasted in this life while they thought that they were acquiring good by their deeds. (TMQ* 18 : 104)

أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا

"They are those who deny the Ayāt (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of their Lord and the Meeting with Him (in the Hereafter). So their works are in vain, and on the Day of Resurrection, We shall assign no weight for them. (TMQ* 18 : 105)

ذَلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا

"that shall be their recompense, Hell; because they disbelieved and took My Ayāt (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc) and My Messengers by way of jest and mockery. (TMQ* 18 : 106)

ذَلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا

"Verily, those who believe (in the Oneness of Allāh - Islāmic Monotheism) and do righteous deeds, shall have the Gardens of Al-Firdaus (Paradise) for their entertainment. (TMQ* 18 : 107)

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلا

"Wherein they shall dwell (forever). No desire will they have for removal there from." (TMQ* 18 : 108)

قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ الْبَحْرُ مِدَادًا لِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّي لَنَفِدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْفَدَ كَلِمَاتُ رَبِّي وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِ مَدَدًا

Say (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam to mankind) "If the sea were ink for (writing) the Words of my Lord, surely, the sea would be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would be finished, even if We brought (another sea) like it for its aid. (TMQ* 18 : 109)

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَلا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا

" Say (O Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam): "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed to me that your Ilāh (God) is One Ilāh (God - i.e. Allāh). So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associates none as a partner in the worship of his Lord." (TMQ* 18 : 110)

This introduction is necessary for anyone who wishes to embrace Islām. After this confession he or she should taka a bath (i.e. Ghusl) and then offer a two Rak'āt Salāt  (prayer), and act upon the five principles of Islām,

Narrated Ibn 'Umar Radi-Allahu 'anhu:

Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger said: Islām is based on (the following) five (basic) principles:

1.
To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala and Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam is Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger.
2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly.
3. To pay Zakāt (i.e. obligatory charity) .
4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Makkah)
5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadān.

Sahīh Al-Bukhāri, Book 2: Belief , Volume 1, Book 2, Number 7
(TMH**)

And must believe in the six articles of Imān:

1. Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala.
2. His Angels.
3. His Messengers.
4. His revealed Books.
5. The Day of Resurrection.
6.
Al-Qadar (Devine Preordainments i.e. whatever Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala has ordained must come to pass).

The acceptance of the righteous deeds depends on the following two basic conditions which must be fulfilled:

(1) The intentions while doing such deeds must be totally for Allāh's Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala sake only without any show-off or   gaining praise or fame, etc.

(2) Such a deed must be preformed in accordance with the Sunnah (legal ways, orders, act of worship, statements) of Allāh Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Messenger Muhammad Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam bin "Abdullah, the last (end) of all the Prophets and the Messengers Alahi Wa Salam.

Article by Abū Redwan. Sources used for this article: Al Qur'ān Al Kareem, Sharh Al-Aqeedat-il-Wasitiyah by Al Shaykh-ul-Islam Ibn Taimiyah, Kitab At-Tauhīd by Al Shaykh-ul-Islam and Muhammad bin Abdullāh Abdul-Wahab, The fundamentals of Islamic Creed by Al Shaykh-ul-Islam Ibn Taimiyah and Pillars of Islām and Imān by Al Shaykh Muhammad bin Jamal Zino.

* = Translation of the Meaning of the Qur'ān Al Kareem. This translation is for the realized meaning, so far, of the stated (Sūrah : Ayāt)  of the Qur'ān Al Kareem.  Reading the translated meaning of the Qur'ān Al Kareem can never replace reading it in Arabic, the language in which it was revealed.  

**= Translation of the Meaning of the Ahādith or Hadīth. This translation is for the realized meaning, so far, of the stated of the Ahādith or Hadīth. Reading the translated meaning of the Ahādith or Hadīth can never replace reading it in Arabic, the language in which it was revealed.

                                                                                                                                                     

 

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